The Ritual Preface

Pūrvapīṭhikā

How the thousand names came to be given, and the dedication that prepares the reciter.

Before the names themselves, the recension opens with a pūrvapīṭhikā, a frame narrative. King Harihara, having praised the Lord with a thousand names of Rāma, is granted a vision of Kṛṣṇa, who bids him honour Him with this hymn and names its transmitters, Parāśara, Vyāsa, and Śuka, before setting the rule of who may receive it. The frame is followed by the viniyoga and nyāsa below, and then by the dhyāna and the first name.

The introductory verses

1

श्रीमद्रुक्मिमहीपालवंशरक्षामणिः स्थिरः । राजा हरिहरः क्षोणीं रक्षत्यम्बुधिमेखलाम्॥

śrīmadrukmimahīpālavaṃśarakṣāmaṇiḥ sthiraḥ · rājā hariharaḥ kṣōṇīṃ rakṣatyambudhimēkhalām

The steadfast King Harihara, jewel-guardian of the glorious line of King Rukmi, protects the sea-girdled earth.

2

स राजा सर्वतन्त्रज्ञः समभ्यर्च्य वरप्रदम् । देवं श्रियः पतिं स्तुत्या समस्तौद्वेदवेदितम्॥

sa rājā sarvatantrajñaḥ samabhyarchya varapradam · dēvaṃ śriyaḥ patiṃ stutyā samastaudvēdavēditam

That king, knower of all the sacred systems, having duly worshipped the boon-granting Lord, the consort of Śrī known through all the Vedas, praised him with a hymn.

3

तस्य हृष्टाशयः स्तुत्या विष्णुर्गोपांगनावृतः । स पिंछश्यामलं रूपं पिंछोत्तंसमदर्शयत्॥

tasya hṛṣṭāśayaḥ stutyā viṣṇurgōpāṃganāvṛtaḥ · sa piṃChaśyāmalaṃ rūpaṃ piṃChōttaṃsamadarśayat

Gladdened at heart by his praise, Viṣṇu, surrounded by the cowherd women, showed him that dark, peacock-hued form crowned with a peacock feather.

4

स पुनः स्वात्मविन्यस्तचित्तं हरिहरं नृपम् । अभिषिच्य कृपावर्षैरभाषत कृतांजलिम्॥

sa punaḥ svātmavinyastachittaṃ hariharaṃ nṛpam · abhiṣichya kṛpāvarṣairabhāṣata kṛtāṃjalim

Then, bathing in showers of grace the king Harihara, whose mind was set upon his own Self, he spoke to him as he stood with folded palms.

श्रीभगवानुवाच śrī bhagavān uvācha The Blessed Lord said:

5

मामवेहि महाभाग कृष्णं कृत्यविदां वर । पुरःस्थितोऽस्मि त्वद्भक्त्या पूर्णास्सन्तु मनोरथाः॥

māmavēhi mahābhāga kṛṣṇaṃ kṛtyavidāṃ vara · puraḥsthitō'smi tvadbhaktyā pūrṇāssantu manōrathāḥ

Know me, O greatly fortunate one, best of those who know what must be done, to be Kṛṣṇa. By your devotion I stand before you; may your heart’s desires be fulfilled.

6

संरक्षणाय शिष्टानां दुष्टानां शिक्षणाय च । समृद्ध्यै वेदधर्माणां ममांशत्वमिहोदितः॥

saṃrakṣaṇāya śiṣṭānāṃ duṣṭānāṃ śikṣaṇāya cha · samṛddhyai vēdadharmāṇāṃ mamāṃśatvamihōditaḥ

For the protection of the good, for the correction of the wicked, and for the flourishing of the Vedic dharmas, my descent here is declared.

7

राजन्नामसहस्रेण रामो नाम्नां स्तुतस्त्वया । सोऽहं सर्वविदो तस्मात्प्रसन्नोऽस्मि विशेषतः॥

rājannāmasahasrēṇa rāmō nāmnāṃ stutastvayā · sō'haṃ sarvavidō tasmātprasannō'smi viśēṣataḥ

O king, by you Rāma has been praised with a thousand names; and being that very one, I am therefore especially pleased.

8

मामपि त्वं महाभाग मदीयचरितात्मना । सम्प्रीणय सहस्रेण नाम्नां सर्वार्थदायिनाम्॥

māmapi tvaṃ mahābhāga madīyacharitātmanā · samprīṇaya sahasrēṇa nāmnāṃ sarvārthadāyinām

Delight me too, O fortunate one, with a thousand names whose substance is my own deeds, names that grant every desired end.

9

पराशरेण मुनिना व्यासेनाम्नायर्दशिना । स्वात्मभाजा शुकेनापि सूक्तेऽप्येतद्विभावितम्॥

parāśarēṇa muninā vyāsēnāmnāyardaśinā · svātmabhājā śukēnāpi sūktē'pyētadvibhāvitam

This hymn was brought to light by the sage Parāśara, by Vyāsa the revealer of sacred tradition, and by Śuka too, who partakes of the Self.

10

तं हि त्वमनुसन्धेहि सहस्रशिरसं प्रभुम् । दत्तान्येषु मया न्यस्तं सहस्रं रक्षयिष्यति॥

taṃ hi tvamanusandhēhi sahasraśirasaṃ prabhum · dattānyēṣu mayā nyastaṃ sahasraṃ rakṣayiṣyati

Fix your mind, then, upon that thousand-headed Lord; the thousand names entrusted by me will guard the one who recites them.

11

इदं विश्वहितार्थाय रसनारंगगोचरम् । प्रकाशय त्वं मेदिन्यां परमागमसम्मतम्॥

idaṃ viśvahitārthāya rasanāraṃgagōcharam · prakāśaya tvaṃ mēdinyāṃ paramāgamasammatam

For the welfare of all the world, make this known upon the earth, this hymn fit for the tongue to voice and sanctioned by the highest scripture.

12

इदं शठाय मूर्खाय नास्तिकाय विकीर्णिने । असूयिनेऽहितायापि न प्रकाश्यं कदाचन॥

idaṃ śaṭhāya mūrkhāya nāstikāya vikīrṇinē · asūyinē'hitāyāpi na prakāśyaṃ kadāchana

It must never be disclosed to the deceitful, the foolish, the unbeliever, the dissolute, the envious, or the ill-disposed.

13

विवेकिने विशुद्धाय वेदमार्गानुसारिणे । आस्तिकायात्मनिष्ठाय स्वात्मन्यनुसृतोदयम्॥

vivēkinē viśuddhāya vēdamārgānusāriṇē · āstikāyātmaniṣṭhāya svātmanyanusṛtōdayam

But to the discerning, the pure, the follower of the Vedic path, and the believer settled in the Self, it may be imparted, its dawning traced within one’s own Self.

कृष्णनामसहस्रं वै कृतधीरेतदीरयेत्॥

kṛṣṇanāmasahasraṃ vai kṛtadhīrētadīrayēt

Let the steady-minded one, indeed, recite this thousand names of Kṛṣṇa.

Introductory verses: Viṣṇudharmottara Purāṇa (Parāśara recension). Devanāgarī after sanskritdocuments.org; transliteration and translation added for this edition.

Viniyoga

Every mantra-recitation is prefaced by a viniyoga — a statement naming the seer (Parāśara), the metre (Anuṣṭup), the deity (Śrī Kṛṣṇa Paramātmā), and the seed, power, and pin (bīja, śakti, kīlaka) that hold the mantra together — and dedicating the practice to its purpose.

ॐ अस्य श्रीकृष्णसहस्रनामस्तोत्रमन्त्रस्य पराशर ऋषिः, अनुष्टुप् छन्दः, श्रीकृष्णः परमात्मा देवता, श्रीकृष्णेति बीजम्, श्रीवल्लभेति शक्तिः, शार्ङ्गीति कीलकं, श्रीकृष्णप्रीत्यर्थे जपे विनियोगः ॥ ōṃ asya śrīkṛṣṇasahasranāmastōtramantrasya parāśara ṛṣiḥ, anuṣṭup Chandaḥ, śrīkṛṣṇaḥ paramātmā dēvatā, śrīkṛṣṇēti bījam, śrīvallabhēti śaktiḥ, śārṅgīti kīlakaṃ, śrīkṛṣṇaprītyarthē japē viniyōgaḥ ॥

Oṃ. Of this Śrī Kṛṣṇa Sahasranāma Stotra mantra: Parāśara is the ṛṣi (seer); Anuṣṭup is the metre; Śrī Kṛṣṇa Paramātmā is the deity; śrīkṛṣṇa is the bīja (seed-mantra); śrīvallabha is the śakti (power); śārṅgī is the kīlaka (nail-pin). It is employed in japa for the delight of Śrī Kṛṣṇa.

Aṅga-nyāsa

The nyāsa installs the elements of the mantra on the parts of the body, so that the reciter becomes the seat of the hymn. Each salutation names an element and the place it is touched.

पराशराय ऋषये नमः इति शिरसि parāśarāya ṛṣayē namaḥ — iti śirasi

Salutation to the ṛṣi Parāśara  (head)

अनुष्टुप् छन्दसे नमः इति मुखे anuṣṭup Chandasē namaḥ — iti mukhē

Salutation to the metre Anuṣṭup  (mouth)

गोपालकृष्ण देवतायै नमः इति हृदये gōpālakṛṣṇa dēvatāyai namaḥ — iti hṛdayē

Salutation to the deity Gopāla Kṛṣṇa  (heart)

श्रीकृष्णाय बीजाय नमः इति गुह्ये śrīkṛṣṇāya bījāya namaḥ — iti guhyē

Salutation to the bīja Śrī Kṛṣṇa  (navel centre)

श्रीवल्लभाय शक्त्यै नमः इति पादयोः śrīvallabhāya śaktyai namaḥ — iti pādayōḥ

Salutation to the śakti Śrīvallabha  (feet)

शार्ङ्गधराय कीलकाय नमः इति सर्वाङ्गे śārṅgadharāya kīlakāya namaḥ — iti sarvāṅgē

Salutation to the kīlaka Śārṅgadhara  (all limbs)

Kara-nyāsa

The kara-nyāsa places ranges of the names upon the fingers and hands, from the thumbs to the palms — a tactile prelude that gathers the whole garland into the hands before it is spoken.

श्रीकृष्ण → शूरवंशैकधीः śrīkṛṣṇa ityārabhya śūravaṃśaikadhīḥ ityantam
अङ्गुष्ठाभ्यां नमः two thumbs
शौरिः → स्वभासोद्भासितव्रजः śauriḥ ityārabhya svabhāsōdbhāsitavrajaḥ ityantam
तर्जनीभ्यां नमः two index fingers
कृतात्मविद्याविन्यासः → प्रस्थानशकटारूढः kṛtātmavidyāvinyāsaḥ ityārabhya prasthānaśakaṭārūḍhaḥ ityantam
मध्यमाभ्यां नमः two middle fingers
बृन्दावनकृतालयः → मधुराजनवीक्षितः bṛndāvanakṛtālayaḥ ityārabhya madhurājanavīkṣitaḥ ityantam
अनामिकाभ्यां नमः two ring fingers
रजकप्रतिघातकः → द्वारकापुरकल्पनः rajakapratighātakaḥ ityārabhya dvārakāpurakalpanaḥ ityantam
कनिष्ठिकाभ्यां नमः two little fingers
द्वारकानिलयः → पराशरः dvārakānilayaḥ ityārabhya parāśaraḥ ityantam
करतलकरपृष्ठाभ्यां नमः palms and backs of both hands

With body and breath thus prepared, the reciter turns to the dhyāna and then to the names.